Engine category

Measurement and Noise

Published tools in this category solve distinct design decisions. Each keeps its assumptions, limits, and next decision visible.

Standard approximation

Oscilloscope probe loading

Estimate probe loading from source resistance, probe input resistance and capacitance, and the frequency being observed.

Exact resistive relationship

Estimate the resistive loading error when a digital multimeter measures a Thevenin source.

Exact thermal-noise relationship

Calculate ideal resistor thermal-noise voltage density, integrated RMS noise, and available kTB noise power.

Exact ideal relationship

Calculate ideal shot-noise current density and RMS current from DC current and equivalent noise bandwidth.

Exact ideal relationship

Integrate a flat voltage-noise density across an ideal equivalent noise bandwidth.

Decision comparison

Compare RSS standard uncertainty and worst-case sum for three stated uncertainty contributions.

Exact DC relationship

Calculate nominal shunt resistance and dissipation from maximum current and allowed burden voltage.

Exact statistical relationship

Estimate RMS white-noise reduction from averaging a stated number of independent samples.

Exact ideal relationship

Convert ideal sine or square-wave RMS voltage to peak, peak-to-peak, and crest factor.